Injection (Revisited)

Injection remains a top risk, encompassing SQL injection, NoSQL injection, OS command injection, and LDAP injection.

Why Injection Persists

Despite being well-understood, injection vulnerabilities continue to appear because:

• Developers still concatenate user input into queries
• Legacy code contains vulnerable patterns
• ORMs can be misused
• New technologies introduce new injection surfaces

Comprehensive Prevention

• Use parameterized queries consistently
• Validate all input
• Escape output based on context
• Use ORMs correctly
• Implement WAF as additional protection